The Neurosciences Institute, formed in 1981, is an independent scientific research organization dedicated to furthering our knowledge of the biological bases of brain function, particularly its higher functions such as perception, memory, and learning.

The Neurosciences Research Program (NRP) was founded in 1962 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The Institute is under the aegis of the Neurosciences Research Foundation (NRF), a publicly supported, tax-exempt, not-for-profit organization. Its Board of Trustees includes representatives of the general public, as well as scientists. The Institute is supported largely by gifts and grants to the Foundation from non-governmental sources, including individuals, foundations, and corporations. Certain projects also receive governmental support. The flexibility that these modes of support engender has proven to be important for the organizational and operational styles of the Institute.

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